Now we move on to the main part of the episode, to our main topic.
What is Easter and why is it the main holiday?
Easter is the holiday of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. For believers, this signifies the victory of life over death, of light over darkness. It is no coincidence that Easter is called the "Feast of Feasts."
In Russia, Easter began to be celebrated over a thousand years ago, after Prince Vladimir baptized Rus'. A prince is the ruler of ancient Rus'. Along with Christianity, Easter traditions also came to Rus'.
It is important to know that Orthodox Easter often does not coincide with Catholic Easter. Why? Because the Russian Orthodox Church uses the old calendar — the Julian calendar (the calendar of Ancient Rome), while Catholics use the Gregorian calendar – which is also a Roman calendar but more refined. Therefore, Orthodox Easter is usually celebrated one or two weeks later.
Great Lent: preparation for the holiday
Before Easter, believers observe Great Lent. This is a period in Christianity when believers prepare for the holiday through spiritual work and restrictions. Great Lent lasts 40 days — exactly as long as, according to tradition, Jesus Christ spent in the desert without food. Lent is a time of strict restrictions: you cannot eat meat, dairy products, or eggs. But the main thing in Lent is not the diet, but the purification of the soul: you need to pray, forgive offenses, and give up entertainment.
Believers prepare for Easter throughout the last week before the holiday. Each day of this week has a special meaning. On Thursday, it is customary to clean the house and bathe. Thursday is called – Maundy Thursday. On Friday, nothing is done — it is a day of mourning: believers remember the suffering of Jesus Christ and his death. On Saturday, the kulichs, paskhas, and eggs are blessed in the church. To bless means to perform a special ritual (action) that endows objects with special (one could say "magical") properties.
Palm Sunday
A week before Easter, Orthodox Christians celebrate Palm Sunday — the day Jesus Christ entered Jerusalem. On this day, it is customary to bring willow branches to church — the first plant to bloom in spring. The willow is a tree that grows along the banks of water bodies (rivers, lakes) and has long, thin branches that hang down to the ground like hair. In southern countries, palm branches are blessed on this day, but palm trees do not grow in Russia, so they were replaced by the willow. The blessed willow is kept at home for a whole year as protection from all sorts of troubles and problems.
Easter Night and the Procession
The most important event occurs on the night from Saturday to Sunday. At exactly midnight, the Procession begins in the church. The priests in their festive vestments, with icons and crosses, come out of the church, followed by all the believers with lit candles. They walk around the church three times, then stop in front of the closed doors. At this moment, the proclamation is made: "Christ is Risen!" – and the doors open.
The Procession is a very beautiful and solemn spectacle. It looks especially impressive in large cathedrals, when thousands of candles illuminate the night sky. A whole river of little lights!
After the Procession, the morning service begins. It lasts for several hours, but believers do not feel tired — the joy of the holiday gives them strength. During the service, the priests constantly exclaim: "Christ is Risen!", and the people in the church reply: "Truly He is Risen!".
At the end of the service, in the morning, the priest blesses the kulichs, paskhas, and eggs brought by the believers. The blessed foods are considered special — they are eaten first after the long Lent.
Traditions of the Easter Table
The Easter table in Russia is not just food, but a whole ritual. After 40 days of strict Lent, believers joyfully eat the food that was forbidden. And there are three main dishes without which Easter is not Easter.
Kulich is a tall, cylindrical bread with raisins and candied fruits. It is baked in special tall molds. The finished kulich is covered with white icing and decorated with the letters "XB", which mean "Christ is Risen". The kulich symbolizes the presence of God in the house.
Tvorozhnaya Paskha is a dessert made from cottage cheese, butter, sour cream, sugar, raisins, and nuts. It is prepared in a special wooden mold. The mold has the shape of a truncated pyramid, which symbolizes the Holy Sepulcher. The letters "XB" and images of a cross are carved on the sides of the mold. After preparation, these symbols remain on the sides of the paskha: "XB" and the cross.
Dyed eggs are the most ancient symbol of Easter. The egg symbolizes new life, birth, and resurrection. Traditionally, eggs are dyed red and its shades. Why red? Because it is the color of Christ's blood – blood shed for people, but at the same time – it is also the color of the joy of resurrection.
Modern people use special food colorings and special stickers with beautiful designs. The eggs come in different colors: gold, green, yellow, silver with patterns and drawings. Very beautiful!
Easter Games and Fun
There are several Easter games in Russia. The most famous is egg tapping. Two people take one egg each and tap the eggs together with their blunt or pointed ends. Whose egg cracks, that person loses. The winner takes the loser's egg. Children really like this game. I myself love to tap eggs with my sons.
Another game is egg rolling. Eggs are rolled down a slide, and the winner is the one whose egg rolls farthest or breaks other eggs.
The Holy Fire
Every year on Holy Saturday, the eve of Easter, a miracle occurs in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem — the descent of the Holy Fire. The Jerusalem church minister enters the Edicule (this is the structure over the Holy Sepulcher) and comes out with a lit candle. The fire lights itself, without human intervention. That is, a miracle happens! This fire is considered a shrine – holy, as it appears by itself.
From Jerusalem, the Holy Fire is delivered by special flights to Moscow and other cities of Russia. It is greeted with honors, and from it candles are lit in churches across the country. It is believed that the Holy Fire does not burn in the first minutes after its ignition — believers wash themselves with it and pass it over their faces.
How Easter Became a State Holiday in Russia
Interestingly, during the Soviet Union, Easter was not a state holiday. The authorities fought against religion – they forbade faith in God, and it was not safe to celebrate Easter openly. But people still secretly dyed eggs, baked kulichs, and went to church. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, Easter once again became a free holiday. In 1992, in Moscow, for the first time in 74 years, a huge poster was put up on Red Square: "Christ is Risen!". Easter once again became a national celebration.
Personal Story
You know how my wife prepares for Easter? She starts long before the holiday. She looks for interesting kulich recipes on the internet, in old cookbooks, from friends. Then she chooses several recipes and starts baking. We eat these experimental kulichs as a family for a whole week or even two.
And every time we have a discussion: "This one is too dry," "This dough is kind of rubbery," "Oh, this one is very tasty, remember the recipe!" The children also participate.
In the end, we choose the best option — the kulich that everyone liked. And using that recipe, my wife bakes the kulichs for Easter.
And on Saturday, the eve of the holiday, we обязательно go to the local church. We bless the kulichs, the tvorozhnaya paskha, and the dyed eggs. Then we return home and prepare the festive lunch.
Conclusion
Today we learned:
· That Easter is the main Orthodox holiday, symbolizing the victory of life over death.
· That before Easter, believers observe a 40-day Great Lent.
· That on Easter night, there is a Procession and a morning service, and the main greeting is "Christ is Risen! – Truly He is Risen!".
· That the Easter table обязательно must include kulich, tvorozhnaya paskha, and dyed eggs.
· That there is a tradition of khristosovatsya – a triple kiss.
· That people tap eggs and it brings joy and laughter.