Now we move on to the main part of the episode, to our main topic.
How it all began: Chicago, 1886The history of the holiday began not in Russia, but in America — in the city of Chicago. On May 1, 1886, workers took to the streets demanding the introduction of an 8-hour workday. In those times, people worked 12–15 hours a day, without days off, for very little money. It's understandable that they were tired and wanted change. It was impossible to work like that.
But this action in Chicago ended tragically. An explosion occurred, and people died. In memory of this event, three years later, in 1889, at a congress of the international association of workers' parties, it was decided to declare May 1 as the International Day of Solidarity of Workers. That is, workers from different countries around the world decided to make May 1 a memorable day to remember the sad event. Thus, May 1 became a holiday for workers all over the world.
How the holiday came to RussiaThis holiday came to Russia at the end of the 19th century, when the Russian Empire existed. The first illegal (unlawful) gatherings of workers took place outside the city, in forests and fields, because the tsarist government forbade any gatherings and demonstrations. Workers secretly went into the forest, listened to revolutionary speeches, sang revolutionary songs, and discussed how to improve their lives.
After the revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks made May 1 the main state holiday. The Bolsheviks were the communists. From that year on, demonstrations became massive, mandatory, and very solemn. Throughout the country, people took to the streets with red flags, banners, and portraits of their leaders (Lenin, Stalin, and others). The word "solidarity" was known by every person in the Soviet Union.
In Soviet times, May 1 was the second most important holiday after November 7 (the Day of the October Revolution). People prepared for it several weeks in advance: they learned songs, rehearsed marching, and drew banners. Demonstrations were grandiose (large in scale) — columns of workers, students, and athletes marched along the central streets of cities. People came with their families, carrying flags, balloons, and portraits of Lenin and Stalin. The banners had slogans: "Peace! Labor! May!", "Long live May 1!", and so on.
The holiday had enormous ideological significance. Ideological means following a single idea, ideology—thinking alike within the framework of one idea, for example, the idea of socialism and communism. The holiday demonstrated the unity of the people, the strength of workers and peasants, and loyalty to the ideals of communism. Participation in the demonstration was mandatory. People who did not go to the demonstration could have problems at work.
What changed after the collapse of the USSRIn 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the holiday was officially renamed the Holiday of Spring and Labor. The old name was the International Day of Solidarity of Workers. That name became a thing of the past. The obligation to go to the May 1 demonstration also became a thing of the past. Now no one forces people to go to the demonstration.
But the holiday itself remained. May 1 is still a day off. Moreover, in modern Russia, the May holidays are almost 10 days off (three or four days off in early May and the same number of days off for the holiday of May 9 – Victory Day). People look forward to these days to finally breathe, take care of their own affairs, and go to nature. It's a kind of vacation!
How May 1 is celebrated todayToday, May 1 is not so much a political holiday as a reason for joy and relaxation. Concerts, fairs, festivals, and public festivities take place in cities. In parks, you can listen to music, participate in contests, and eat ice cream and popcorn. Sometimes trade unions organize processions — but this is no longer an obligation, but rather a tradition. Modern demonstrations are a show of one's civic position, a show of one's faith in the country and in a good future.
But the most important tradition of modern May holidays is picnics and shashlyks. Millions of Russians go to their dachas, the forest, or the riverbank these days to relax in nature. Women prepare salads, men light the grill and cook shashlyk. The grill is a metal device shaped like a box without a lid on four legs. Firewood (wooden logs or coal) is placed in the grill and a fire is made. Shashlyk has become a real ritual – a good kind of obligation.
Symbols of the holiday: the red flagThe traditional color of May 1 is red. It is the color of revolution, struggle, and solidarity. In Soviet times, there were seas of red flags and red balloons at demonstrations. There are fewer of them now, but they are still present at processions of trade unions and communist parties. There is a communist party in Russia, and it has its loyal citizens. Someday I will make an episode about the parties of Russia.
Personal storyI remember May Day from my childhood. In Soviet times, it was a mandatory holiday. My dad, mom, and I went to the demonstration in the city center. I definitely had either balloons or a red flag in my hand. Everyone around was smiling, and loud music played. People congratulated each other. We would stand along the road and watch the demonstration pass by. Sometimes my dad or mom took part in the procession because they were chosen at work. They would walk with their colleagues, and we would watch them from the sidewalk. I especially liked it when athletes walked by – it was interesting: boxers pretended to box, gymnasts performed various gymnastic exercises, football players juggled balls with their feet. Cool!
And in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR, we still gathered around a common festive table and celebrated May Day.
Now we always try to go somewhere outside the city and stay in a country hotel. For example, for these holidays we are going with our family to the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
ConclusionToday we learned:
- That May 1 came to us from Chicago, where workers demanded an 8-hour workday.
- That in Soviet times it was the main ideological holiday — the International Day of Solidarity of Workers.
- That after 1992, the holiday was renamed the Holiday of Spring and Labor, and it lost its mandatory character.
- That today the main traditions are picnics and shashlyks.
Friends, in the next episode we will talk about the most important and sacred holiday in the history of our country — Victory Day, May 9th. You will learn why this day is called a holiday with tears in the eyes, how our people survived the most terrible war, about the siege of Leningrad and the Battle of Stalingrad. We will remember the millions who died, why we honor the memory of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, and what the "Immortal Regiment" is — a procession where the memory of heroes comes alive. Don't miss it — this will be a very important episode.