Now we move on to the main part of the episode, to our main topic.
What is Russian cuisine?Russian cuisine is not just a list of dishes. It is a reflection of history, climate, and the soul of the people. Harsh winters, short summers, and the vast territory have shaped what Russians eat today. That's why Russian cuisine has so many hearty, hot dishes, pickles, porridges, and baked goods. A hearty dish is one that fills you up, meaning it brings satiety – your stomach becomes full, and you no longer feel hunger. You don't want to eat; you become satisfied.
Main dishes and their featuresBorschtBorscht is the king of Russian cuisine. It is perhaps the most famous Russian dish in the world. Borscht is a hot red soup. The red color of borscht comes from beets. Beets are a vegetable/plant, similar to a potato in its dark, almost black color, but its lower part is elongated – resembling a heart as children draw it. Inside, the beet is red, which is why borscht turns out red.
Every housewife has her own borscht recipe, and she is sure that her borscht is the most correct. The main ingredients of borscht are: beets, meat, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, and onions. Borscht is eaten hot, with sour cream, fresh herbs, sometimes with garlic, and black bread.
I will post a link to the borscht recipe. Visit my website and you'll find the link there.
ShchiShchi is an ancient Russian soup. Its history began long before the appearance of potatoes and tomatoes in Russia. In the past, shchi was made from cabbage, meat, and onions. Shchi is similar in ingredients to borscht, but it does not contain beets. The main ingredient of shchi is cabbage. Cabbage is a vegetable. Cabbage looks like a green or light green head, consisting of a large number of leaves. The leaves are tightly pressed together and form a round head.
PelmeniPelmeni are small dough pies filled with minced meat. The result is a small pie that is boiled, not fried. Pelmeni are a lifesaver for busy people. You can make many pelmeni, then freeze them in the refrigerator, and later simply boil them for 10 minutes. Pelmeni are eaten with sour cream, mayonnaise, vinegar, butter, or simply with the broth. Broth is the water remaining after boiling pelmeni or meat.
BliniBlini are thin, round flat cakes made from liquid batter, fried in a pan. A blin is round in shape and resembles the sun. Do not confuse blini with pancakes. Pancakes are thick and small, while a blin is thin and large. Blini are not just food; they are a whole ritual. During Maslenitsa, they are baked all week long. Blini symbolize the sun – just as round and yellow. They can be eaten with anything: sweet jam, salted fish, caviar, meat, honey. Thin blini with holes are a sign of the housewife's skill. The thinner they are, the more professional.
KholodetsKholodets is a dish made from jellied meat broth with pieces of meat. Kholodets looks like jelly – a jellied dish, slightly transparent, inside which are small pieces of meat and spices. Kholodets is a real test of courage for a foreigner, as it looks a bit strange and frightens foreigners. Many Russians love kholodets, especially on New Year's Eve or at big family celebrations.
OkroshkaOkroshka is a cold soup. It is made from finely chopped vegetables, eggs, and sausage. All this is poured with kvass or kefir. Kvass is a sweet-sour, slightly carbonated beverage. Kefir is a fermented milk drink, made from milk and also slightly carbonated (just a tiny bit). Okroshka is a cold soup that is very different from the soups foreigners are used to. We call okroshka a summer soup. It is eaten cold, so okroshka is usually prepared in hot weather. You chop cucumbers, radishes, green onions, dill, boiled potatoes, eggs, and sausage. All this is poured with kvass or kefir.
VinaigretteVinaigrette is a salad made from boiled vegetables. Its main ingredient is beets, so the salad turns out bright purple or bright red. Potatoes, carrots, pickles, sauerkraut, and green peas are also added. It is dressed with vegetable oil. Vinaigrette is a very popular salad in Russia.
Herring Under a Fur CoatThis salad is also very popular in Russia. The main ingredient is salted herring (a type of fish). Why is it called "Herring Under a Fur Coat"? A fur coat is warm winter clothing made of fur. A fur coat can be made of sheep, fox, etc. The word "fur coat" in the salad's name means that the pieces of herring are "covered" with layers of grated potatoes, carrots, beets, and mayonnaise. So, the fish is under a fur coat. Hardly any family in Russia imagines New Year's Eve without this salad.
Buckwheat (Grechka)Buckwheat is a grain. It consists of small, brown, triangular grains. They look like little pyramids or seeds. The color of buckwheat ranges from light brown to dark brown. Some grains may have a greenish tint.
Before cooking: the grains are hard, dry, and loose. If you shake a bag of buckwheat, it rustles like sand or small pebbles.
After cooking: the grains become soft but do not fall apart into mush if cooked correctly. Each grain increases in size and becomes fluffy and soft. Buckwheat does not stick together like rice. Buckwheat is boiled and eaten as a side dish with meat, fish, or meat patties. It can also be eaten as a main dish — with milk and sugar. Buckwheat is loved in Russia because it is tasty, healthy, and provides a lot of energy. Foreigners often don't understand Russians' love for buckwheat, but after trying it, many become its fans.
KisselKissel is a drink that surprises foreigners. It is made from berries, fruits, sugar, and starch. Starch makes kissel thick. Starch is a white, tasteless, odorless powder obtained from potatoes, corn, rice, or wheat. In Russian cuisine, it is most often used to thicken liquids, to make the liquid become thick. If you add starch to hot water, it turns into a clear, thick mass – this is exactly how Russian kissel is made. In the past, kissel was so thick that it was eaten with a spoon. Nowadays, kissel can be drunk. The taste of kissel is sweet and sour. Kissel is served for lunch to children in kindergartens and schools.
Olivier SaladWell, what about Olivier salad? This is an incredibly popular salad. It is made for any holiday. Classic ingredients include boiled potatoes, carrots, eggs, cooked sausage (or meat), pickles, canned green peas, mayonnaise, salt, and pepper. Interestingly, this salad has French roots — it was invented in the 1860s in Moscow by a French chef, Lucien Olivier. Originally, it was an expensive dish with wild game, crayfish tails, and capers. Crayfish tails are the meat of crayfish, animals that live in burrows underwater. However, over time, the recipe was simplified, adapted to Soviet realities, and transformed into the Olivier salad that every Russian knows and loves today.
Features of the Russian Table: The Table Must Be Breaking!Russians have a saying: "The table must be breaking with food." This means that guests should be welcomed with so many treats that the table literally bends under their weight. If you come to visit, the hostess will definitely put everything she has in the refrigerator on the table. This is tradition. Refusing a treat means offending the hosts. Even if you are not hungry at all, you need to try at least a little.
Rules of Behavior at the TableBefore you start eating, you need to say: "Enjoy your meal" (
Priyatnogo appetita). You should reply: "And you too" or "Likewise."
Do not refuse a treat — this is considered impolite.
Praising the food is good manners. Say: "Very tasty!" — and the hostess will be happy.
It is customary to talk a lot at the table.
Traditional DrinksThe main traditional Russian drink is, of course, kvass. But there are others.
Kissel — we already talked about it. It's a thick, sweet drink.
Kefir — we also already talked about it. It's a fermented milk drink.
Mors — a drink made from cranberries, lingonberries, or other berries. Mors is made from berries, sugar, and water. It is very healthy.
Bread is the Head of EverythingIn Russian culture, bread is a sacred product. There is a saying: "Bread is the head of everything." This means that bread is the most important thing on the table. In the past, throwing away bread was considered a great sin. A sin is a violation of God's laws. If all the bread couldn't be eaten, it was dried into rusks (sukhari) or used to make kvass. Rusks are small pieces of dried bread. Many rituals are associated with bread, for example, dear guests are welcomed with bread and salt.
My Personal StoryI have a friend from America — David, he lives in Kentucky. Recently, David sent me a recipe for a sweet salad called "Watergate". In return, I sent him a recipe for classic borscht.
We cooked the dishes according to the recipes we received and exchanged photos. To be honest, it didn't turn out perfectly: my salad didn't look like the photos on the internet. David's borscht also didn't quite look like classic Russian borscht.
Nevertheless, the experiment turned out to be fun and interesting. I unexpectedly appreciated the sweet salad — now I dream of trying real "Watergate". I also decided that one day I would treat David to real Russian borscht — the kind my wife makes.
This story showed once again: food brings people from different countries together — through recipes, we learn not only about ingredients but also about traditions and the joy of communication.
ConclusionToday we learned:
- That Russian cuisine is not only borscht and pelmeni, but also shchi, okroshka, vinaigrette, kholodets, herring under a fur coat, buckwheat, and kissel.
- That the Russian table is always "breaking" with treats because that's what the tradition of hospitality dictates.
- That many dishes can surprise foreigners (okroshka with kvass, kholodets, kissel, the love for buckwheat).
- That bread in Russian culture is a sacred product, "the head of everything".