Now we move on to the main part of the episode, to our main topic.
How the Russian Automotive Industry BeganThe Russian automotive industry originated in the late 19th century. In 1896, the first domestic car with an internal combustion engine was built.
Before the revolution, automobile factories were already operating in Russia. The most famous brand of that time was "Russo-Balt." Unfortunately, after the revolution, production closed down, and the only surviving example of the Russo-Balt can today be seen in the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow.
Later, in the Soviet era, mass production of cars began in 1932, when the Gorky Automobile Plant was launched. The first mass-produced model was the GAZ-A — a licensed copy of the American Ford Model A.
The Legendary "Kopeck"On April 19, 1970, at the Volga Automobile Plant in the city of Togliatti, the first six VAZ-2101 cars were assembled — the future legend that people nicknamed the "Kopeck." The start of production was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Vladimir Lenin.
The "Kopeck" became the most mass-produced car in the history of the Soviet automotive industry. Over 18 years, from 1970 to 1988, almost 5 million units of this model and its modifications were produced.
The base of the "Kopeck" was Italian — the Fiat 124, named Car of the Year in Europe in 1967. But Soviet engineers made more than 800 changes to the design to make the car more suitable for Soviet roads.
The "Kopeck" was the first Soviet car that started easily in freezing cold and had proper cabin heating, which is so necessary in winter. It was with the "Kopeck" that the era of the mass-produced passenger car began in the USSR.
The Niva — A Car That Conquered the WorldIn 1977, the first example of the VAZ-2121 Niva rolled off the assembly line. It was the first fully original car developed at the Volga Automobile Plant without the involvement of foreign engineers.
The Niva became the world's first off-road vehicle with permanent all-wheel drive. Previously, all off-road vehicles were built on a heavy frame — a heavy metal base to which the wheels and engine were attached, with the body mounted on top. The Niva, however, used a unibody design that itself performed the function of a frame. This made the car lighter, more maneuverable, and more economical.
Almost a third of the cars were exported to more than 100 countries. The Niva was even sold in Japan and England — for this purpose, a right-hand drive modification was produced in the 1980s, meaning the steering wheel was on the right, while in the USSR all cars had left-hand drive.
The Niva has a real cult following abroad. There are fan clubs of the Niva where people gather, exchange experiences, and organize meetings.
The Niva has been to all continents. It worked at a Russian station in Antarctica, conquered the North Pole, climbed Mount Everest, and even Mount Fuji.
The Legendary UAZ "Loaf"The UAZ-452, which people call the "Loaf," is one of the most legendary cars in Russia. It is called the "Loaf" because of its shape. A loaf is a whole oval-shaped bread that is usually sold in Russian stores. This car has been produced since 1965, and for over 60 years, the design has hardly changed. The "Loaf" is built on a powerful frame, which makes it almost an all-terrain vehicle. An all-terrain vehicle is a car that can go anywhere. The "Loaf" can go where no other car can.
KAMAZ — Winner of the DakarKAMAZ is the largest manufacturer of heavy trucks in Russia. But the plant's main pride is the KAMAZ-master team, which consistently places in the Paris-Dakar rally, the most famous rally in the world.
KAMAZ-master has become the most decorated team in the history of the Paris-Dakar rally, with 19 victories. The racing KAMAZ, which the team used to win the Dakar, is equipped with an engine producing 1,050 horsepower and can reach speeds of up to 165 km/h.
Russian Auto Plants TodayAs of 2025, there are about 45 automobile plants operating in Russia. Among the key manufacturers are:
- AVTOVAZ (city of Togliatti) — the largest manufacturer of passenger cars in Russia.
- KAMAZ (city of Naberezhnye Chelny) — the largest manufacturer of heavy trucks.
- GAZ (city of Nizhny Novgorod) — manufacturer of commercial vehicles for enterprises and organizations.
- UAZ (city of Ulyanovsk) — manufacturer of off-road vehicles and the legendary "Loaf."
- Moskvich (city of Moscow) — manufacturer of passenger cars.
Electric Buses and Electric TransportUrban electric transport is actively developing in Russia — that is, transport that runs on electricity. In 10 regions of the country, 286 domestically produced electric buses have already been launched. Each electric bus is equipped with control systems, video surveillance cameras, USB chargers, and information screens.
In Moscow, more than 1,000 electric buses operate on city routes. An electric bus is a bus that runs on electricity.
Personal StoryI also had a domestic car. My first car was a VAZ 21099. I bought it 23 years ago. It wasn't a new car — old, worn out — but it was my first car, and I really loved it.
Of course, the interior was noisy, the seats were uncomfortable, the plastic panels were hard, and the sound from the audio player was poor. But this car went everywhere. Through mud, over bumps, over potholes and holes. In winter, when other cars got stuck in the snow, my old VAZ kept going. And once I even drove it across a river.
Later I bought a Korean car — it was more comfortable, quieter, more modern. And then a Chinese one. But I will always remember that old VAZ. It was uncomfortable but reliable. It was simple but tough.
ConclusionToday we learned:
- That the first Russian car was built in 1896.
- That the "Kopeck" became the most mass-produced car in the history of the Soviet automotive industry.
- That the Niva became the world's first off-road vehicle with permanent all-wheel drive.
- That the Niva was exported to more than 100 countries, with fan clubs in many countries around the world.
- That the KAMAZ-master team is the most decorated in the history of the Paris-Dakar rally with 19 victories.
- Which plants are operating in Russia today.
- That electric transport is developing in Russia.
Friends, let's repeat the new words: engine, passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck, off-road vehicle, all-wheel drive, frame, production, rally.